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Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone (HMC) is a potent antioxidant with barrier repair function. Now HMC is considered as A Must-Have Ingredient for Radiant Skin. It is able to increase Filaggrin and B-glucocerebrosidase which are essential for Ceramide production. The other notable use for HMC is its ability to reduce capillary permeability for dark circles around the eyes. One major drawback is its super bright color; it is highlighter yellow and can stain anything it touches. Using it at high concentrations can make your skin appear jaundiced. 

What is Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone?

Hesperidin methyl chalcone (HMC) is a flavonoid that has strong free radical quenching properties and is a highly complex compound typically found in bright colored plants and flowers. In skincare, it’s primarily used as an antioxidant, with noted effects on circulation for reducing dark circles and melanin synthesis. 

A fun fact about hesperidin: when fermented citrus peels were tested on the skin to see what would happen after UV exposure, collagen production actually INCREASED in the skin cells (whereas, it normally decreases after UV exposure). 

Chemical Info

Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅

Molecular Weight: 624.6 g/mol

CAS #: 24292-52-2

Synonyms:

• • Hesperidin methylchalcone
  • EYELISS

Hesperidin vs. Hesperidin methyl chalcone: structure and function

Pure hesperidin that naturally occurs in citrus fruits has poor solubility in water, which essentially means its absorption and distribution inside the body are minimal. HMC is produced by a simple chemical reaction under alkaline conditions that involves the methylation (i.e. adding methyl groups) of hesperidin. Experiments have demonstrated that such structural changes greatly improve the absorption and transport of related compounds. It is not a surprise that the methylated forms of some flavonoids are shown to have stronger benefits than their unmodified versions. 

What are the benefits of Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone?

• Anti-dark Circles
• Anti-puffiness
• Antioxidant
• Barrier Repair
• Anti-aging

HMC is a common ingredient found in eye creams because of its effective anti-dark circles and anti-puffiness properties. Facial creams and other topical products used to treat sun damage also contain the flavonoid for its anti-melanogenic and anti-inflammatory action, and ability to restore the skin barrier function. Signs of aging on the body and hands (e.g. appearance of dark spots and fine lines) can also be treated with topical creams formulated with HMC, which also offers sun protection, hydration, and pH regulation. There are no known adverse effects or reactivity with other cosmetic ingredients.  

The concentration of HMC in cosmetic products is typically 0.5 to 3%, though, higher concentrations have been tested without reports of adverse effects. One of the most notable benefits is the reduction of bags and puffiness under the eyes by 65% just after 28 days of HMC application. [1] For treating dark circles under the eyes, it lowers the filtration rate of capillaries near the skin surface to decrease blood flow through them, thereby, reducing the dark bluish discolouration under the eyes. These functions make HMC a common ingredient found in anti-aging eye creams and facial care. Moreover, the reduction in capillary permeation is also helpful in the treatment of varicose veins. 

A topical cream containing 2% hesperidin is able to stimulate recovery of the barrier function on damaged skin by restoring hydration that is up to 50% of the healthy level in just 2 hours. Furthermore, it reverses the effect of thinning skin and barrier damage from the application of glucocorticoids during the treatment of eczema or other skin conditions by stimulating the proliferation of epidermal cells to increase skin thickness.[2,3] It is also able to reverse the effects of declining barrier function associated with aging skin such as dryness and loss of moisture retention. 

Other anti-aging effects of HMC include dark spot treatment by reducing melanin synthesis, and protecting the skin from cell aging due to UV damage – with significant photoprotective effect. Hesperidin also possesses soothing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-redness properties, which are key functions used in cosmetics for treating irritated skin after injury, sun or allergen exposure, and inflammatory pain. An interesting observation on fermented citrus peel is its ability to counteract the processes of UV irradiation on skin cells. While UV normally increases collagen degradation that leads to cell aging, application of the hesperidin-rich fermented peel actually increased collagen synthesis, decreased its degradation, and even reduced the levels of markers typically associated with cell senescence.4

Formulation Consideration

Like all other antioxidants, HMC works best with other antioxidants to provide a synergistic effect. It has strong free radical quenching properties similar to other flavonoids used in cosmetics but requires permeation enhancers to help with skin absorption, otherwise, it would end up drying as a powder on the skin surface. Another characteristic of hesperidin is it’s typically found in bright colored plants or flowers. As a result, products that contain HMC should have a strong yellow color, and anything less may be an indication that the product does not contain enough of the ingredient. 

How does Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone work?

The biochemical targets and metabolites of hesperidin are believed to act via a variety of mechanisms depending on the cutaneous function they are regulating. The protective effects of flavonoids generally involve the upregulation of antioxidant activity and downregulation of signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis or inflammation. This is supported by clinical data that demonstrate the potential of HMC to be used in barrier repair, anti-aging, anti-inflammation, and hydration. 

Barrier Repair

Epidermal permeability barrier function is associated with protection against water loss from the skin surface – an important factor in preventing signs of aging. Hesperidin has been shown improve epidermal permeability barrier function by upregulating expression levels of filaggrin and other differentiation-associated mRNA, lipid synthetic enzymes, glutathione reductase mRNA and lipid transport proteins, and stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and β-glucocerebrosidase activity.2 The antioxidant property of hesperidin also reduces oxidative stress in damaged skin to prevent disruptions in the repair process caused by the accumulation of excess free radicals. In fact, it contributes to the acceleration of cutaneous barrier repair. The restorative properties of hesperidin also play a significant role in wound healing by promoting cell migration and vascular formation. These processes involve the activation of tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Inflammatory response is required in the early phases of barrier repair, but excessive inflammation could also delay the process and potentially cause scar formation. According to clinical studies using topical hesperidin, it is able to decrease cytokine expression, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, and increase expression of antioxidant enzymes.15,16  

Anti-inflammatory

Hesperidin attenuates inflammation by interacting with a number of molecules via various signaling pathways. One of the most notable mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action among flavonoids is through inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which lowers the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, and TNF-α.17,18 In keratinocyte culture models, treatment with hesperidin prior to hydrogen peroxide stimulation was able to reduce over 50% of NF-κB expression and phosphorylated p38 MAPK in comparison to untreated control. A similar anti-inflammatory effect was seen in a lipopolysaccharide-induced cell model. Additionally, hesperidin modulates the inflammatory response by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD).19 

When hesperidin is methylated under alkaline conditions to produce HMC, it exhibits similar functions by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion levels, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors.5,19,20 It also inhibits edema, neutrophil recruitment, MMP-9 activity, and NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production.6,7,20 Its analgesic effects and relief of inflammatory-associated pain are attributable to the modulation of TRPV1 receptor activation.5 

Anti-aging, protection against UV damage, and anti-melanogenesis activity

An early sign of aging skin is the formation of dark spots – with chronic UV exposure being a leading cause. It damages our skin through three routes: oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, and inflammation. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates the antioxidant system in our cells, and its activation stimulates photoprotective effects to prevent UV irradiation-induced apoptosis and inflammation. This involves the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene expression and reduction of ROS levels in epidermal keratinocytes. However, Nrf2 deficiency is accelerated by photoaging and inflammation.21 A decline in UVB-induced damage is seen with hesperidin treatment and the mechanisms behind it involve the regulation of MMP-9 expression, which controls wrinkle formation, and inhibition of MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation.10The ultimate outcome is the reduction of cytokine expression, oxidative stress and DNA damage. 

Another cause of skin pigmentation is increased melanogenesis and melanosome transport. Upregulation of the key proteins that are involved in melanogenesis, including tyrosinase, tyrosinaes-related proteins (TRP), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), is thought to cause signs of aging by increasing melanin production and the appearance of dark spots. Hesperidin has been shown to inhibit the expression of these proteins as well as activate the α-adrenergic receptor, which is involved in melanosome transport in melanocytes.12 Hence, the skin-lightening effect of hesperidin is attributed to its interference with the activity of melanogenesis-associated proteins and melanosome transport.  

Hydration

The mechanisms hesperidin and HMC utilize to restore skin hydration are not yet known. However, they are closely related to the recovery of the permeability barrier function, which re-establishes an intact skin barrier to prevent moisture loss and restore stratum corneum hydration. 

Does it penetrate the skin?

Hesperidin which is naturally found in citrus fruits is poorly absorbed and transported in the skin. HMC, which is a modified version, is what you’ll find in cosmetics as it has better absorption. Though, it is still formulated with permeation enhancers to prevent it from drying up as a powder on your skin when you apply it.

References

1 Huang YB, Lee KF, Huang CT, Tsai YH, Wu PC. (2010). The effect of component of cream for topical delivery of hesperidin. Chem Pham Bull. 58(5): 611-614

2 Hou M, Man M, Man W, Zhu W, Hupe M, Park K, Crumrine D, Elias PM, Man MQ. (2012). Topical hesperidin improves epidermal permeability barrier function and epidermal differentiation in normal murine skin. Exp Dermatol. 21(5): 337-340

3 Man G, Mauro TM, Kim PL, Hupe M, Zhai Y, Sun R, Crumrine D, Cheung C, Nuno-Gonzalez A, Elias PM, Man MQ. (2014). Topical hesperidin prevents glucocorticoid-induced abnormalities in epidermal barrier function in murine skin. Exp. Dermatol. 23(9): 645-651

4 Bae JT, Ko HJ, Kim GB, Pyo HB, Lee GS. (2012). Protective effects of fermented Citrus unshiu peel extract against ultraviolet-A-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. Phytother Res PTR. 26(12)” 1851-1856

5 Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Hohmann MSN, Borghi SM, et. al. (2015). Protective effects of the flavonoid hesperidin methyl chalcone in inflammation and pain in mice: Role of TRPV1, oxidative stress, cytokines and NF-κB. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 223: 88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.011

6 Martinez RM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Steffen VS, et. al. (2015). Hesperidin methyl chalcone inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model of ultraviolet B irradiation-induced skin damage. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 148: 145-153. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.030

7 Martinez RM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Steffen VS, et. al. (2016). Topical formulation containing hesperidin methyl chalcone inhibits skin oxidative stress and inflammation induced by ultraviolet B radiation. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 15: 552. doi: 10.1039/c5pp00467e

8 Xiao S, Liu W, Bi J, Liu S, Zhao H, Gong N, Xing D, Gao H, Gong M. (2018). Anti-inflammatory effect of hesperidin enhances chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue repair. Journal of Inflammation. 15:14. doi: 10.1186/s12950-018-0190-y

9 Man G, Mauro TM, Zhai Y, Kim PL, Cheung C, Hupe M, Crumrine D, Elias PM, Man MQ. (2015). Topical Hesperidin Enhances Epidermal Function in an Aged Murine Model. J Invest Dermatol. 135(4): 1184-1187. doi: 10.1038/jid.2014.486

10 Lee HJ, Im AR, Kim SM, Kang HS, Lee JD, Chae S. (2018). The flavonoid hesperidin exerts anti-photoaging effect by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression via protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling pathways. BMC Complement Altern Med. 18:39. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-2058-8

11 Lee HJ, Lee WJ, Chang SE, Lee GY. (2015). Hesperidin, A Popular Antioxidant Inhibits Melanogenesis via Erk1/2 Mediated MITF Degradation. Int J Mol Sci. 16(8): 18384-18395. doi: 10.3390/ljms160818384

12 Kim B, Lee JY, Lee HY, Nam KY, Park J, Lee SM, Kim JE, Lee JD, Hwang JS. (2013). Hesperidin Suppresses Melanosome Transport by Blocking the Interaction of Rab27A-Melanophilin. Biomol Therm (Seoul). 21(5): 343-348. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.032

13 Hernandez-Pigeon H, Garidou L, Galliano MF, Delga H, Aries MF, Duplan H, Bessou-Touya S, Castex-Rizzi N. (2018). Effects of dextran sulfate, 4-t-butylcyclohexanol, pongamia oil and hesperidin methyl chalcone on inflammatory and vascular responses implicated in rosacea. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 11: 421-429. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S168621

14 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. (2014). Safety Assessment of Citrus-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Cosmetic Ingredient Review. https://www.cir-safety.org/sites/default/files/citrus.pdf

15 Jaetia GC, Rao KVNM. (2017). Topical Application of Hesperidin, a Citrus Bioflavanone Accelerates Healing of Full Thickness Dermal Excision. SM Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 3(2): 1021

16 Wang L, He T, Fu T, et. al. (2018). Hesperidin enhances angiogenesis via modulating expression of growth and inflammatory factor in diabetic foo ulcer in rats. European Journal of Inflammation. 16(2018). doi: 10.1177/2058739218775255

17 Man MQ, Yang B, Elias PM. (2019). Benefits of Hesperidin for Cutaneous Functions. Evid-Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019: 2676307. doi: 10.1155/2019/2676307

18 Song W, Wei L, Du Y, Wang Y, Jiang S. (2018). Protective effect of ginsenoside metabolite compound K against diabetic neuropathy by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB/p38 signaling pathway in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 63: 277-238. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.027

19 Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Manchope MF, et. al. (2020). Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Pain and Inflammation: Mechanisms of Action, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data, and Pharmaceutical Development. Molecules. 25: 762. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030762

20 Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Borghi SM, Stauengo-Ferrari L, Fattori V, Amaral FA, Teixeira MM, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, et. al. (2018). Hesperidin Methylchalcone Suppresses Experimental Gout Arthritis in Mice by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. J Agric Food Chem. 66: 6269-6280. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00959

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BPC-157 Peptide

The BPC-157 peptide, also known as Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 or Body Protection Compound 157, is a synthetic compound that has been suggested in various studies to assist with healing joint, tendon, and muscle tissue, as well as nerve tissue.

BPC-157 is a peptide composed of 15 amino acids with potential protective properties. As the name suggests, Body Protection Compound (BPC) is an amino acid fragment isolated from gastric juice.⁽¹⁾ BPC-157 is also commonly known as pentadecapeptide due to the 15 amino acids it is comprised of.⁽¹⁾

Overview

BPC-157 has been steadily researched for its potential in wound healing. Presentation of BPC-157 may stimulate the growth hormone (GH) receptors, thereby inducing similar GH potential. BPC-157 peptide appears to bind with growth hormone receptors, possibly stimulating cell proliferation. This may lead to the development of new tissue composed of collagen and the development of a network of blood vessels in a process also called ‘angiogenesis.’ Consequently, the wound is ‘rebuilt’ and healed faster than the usual rate.⁽¹⁾

BPC-157 has also been studied in correlation to gastrointestinal function. Serotonin, an enteric neurotransmitter, is localized in the GI tract and GI mucosa. Altered serotonin levels may inhibit gastric acid secretion, affecting gut mucosal function and influencing gastric blood flow.⁽²⁾ BPC-157 appears to have a particular antidepressant activity, which may counteract serotonin-induced action. The peptide may counteract the 5-HT2A receptors, restricting the serotonin binding with these receptors and thereby inhibiting its action.⁽³⁾ The peptide has been researched for its potential action across diverse functions, including tissue repair, pain perception, gastrointestinal regulation, and tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone cell reparations.

Multiple studies have since been conducted to understand the full action of the peptide, especially in the area of healing gastrointestinal ulceration, which is elaborated on below. Studies have suggested the peptide may increase the build-up of the blood vessels and induce anti-inflammation potential via improving functional recovery.⁽⁴⁾

Chemical Makeup

CAS#: 137525-51-0

Sequence: Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val

Molecular Formula: C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₂₂
Molecular Weight: 1419.55 g/mol

Other Known Titles: Body Protection Compound-157

Research and Clinical Studies

BPC-157 Peptide and Wound Healing

In a study, three experimental murine models were used – first with skin tissue wounds, second with colon tissue anastomosis, and third with synthetic sponge implantation. A portion of the murine models were presented with a placebo, whereas others were presented with the BPC 157 peptide. After the study, all models were histologically examined. The researchers reported that the BPC-157 murine models appeared to exhibit higher numbers of collagen, reticulin, and blood vessel development than the ones in the control group.⁽⁵⁾

In a particular study, researchers explored the theory that the peptide BPC-157 might potentially hasten wound healing compared to a control group. This hypothesis was rooted in observing possible improvements in several key areas of wound healing. These included the formation of new granulation tissue, which is critical in the healing process, along with reepithelialization. In this process, new epithelial cells form to replace those damaged by the wound. Additionally, there was an observation of potential improvements in dermal remodeling, a phase where the skin regains strength and elasticity, and collagen deposition, crucial for tissue repair.⁽⁶⁾

The study also suggested that BPC-157 might have enhanced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the injured skin tissues. VEGF is a significant protein that promotes blood vessel growth, vital to healing damaged tissues. The researchers further speculated that the peptide could have influenced umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation (HUVECs). These cells line the blood vessels and are considered to be integral to forming new blood vessels during wound healing.⁽⁶⁾

Additionally, there was a conjecture about a noticeable increase in the migration of HUVECs. This observation was based on results from wound healing assays, tests designed to measure various aspects of wound healing. The presence of BPC-157 might have led to an increased expression of VEGF-a, a variant of VEGF, and consequently accelerated the formation of vascular tubes in a laboratory setting. Moreover, the study hinted at the possibility that BPC-157 might influence the activity of specific proteins and enzymes involved in cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, it seemed that BPC-157 could regulate the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Phosphorylation is a process that activates or deactivates many protein enzymes and is a crucial step in sending signals within cells. The affected enzymes, ERK1/2, along with their downstream targets, including c-Fos, c-Jun, and Egr-1, are believed to play significant roles in cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, which is the development of new blood vessels.⁽⁶⁾

BPC-157 Peptide and Tendon Healing

An experiment was conducted in the cultured tendon fibroblasts derived from the tendons of murine models. The cultures were divided into two groups; one was the control, whereas the other was presented with the peptide. Following the study, the following was reported:⁽¹⁾

• The peptide appeared to promote the outgrowth of tendon fibroblasts and tissue healing;
• Even under H2O2 stress, BPC-157 appeared to stimulate apparent cell survival under stress;
• The peptide appeared to promote migration of the tendon fibroblasts;
• BPC-157 reportedly induced increased levels of phosphorylation of both PAK and paxillin, while the total protein level remained unchanged.

Upon analysis, it was suggested that the peptide may impact tendon healing, tendon outgrowth, and cell survival via the F-actin formation and activation of the FAK and paxillin pathways.⁽¹⁾ F-actin formation is considered a key component in the cell's cytoskeleton, providing structure and aiding in cell movement. If BPC-157 enhances F-actin formation, this might indicate an improvement in the cytoskeletal organization and cell motility of tendon fibroblasts, which are essential for the repair and regeneration of tendon tissues. Further into the study, researchers utilized Western blotting, a laboratory method to detect specific proteins in a sample. Through this analysis, they suggested that BPC-157 might activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin, two proteins that play a significant role in cellular processes. The tentative finding was that the phosphorylation levels of FAK and paxillin appeared to increase in the presence of BPC-157. Interestingly, the total amounts of these proteins appeared to have remained unchanged, leading to the speculation that BPC-157's role might be more about activating existing molecules rather than increasing their production. This led to a further hypothesis that BPC-157 might activate the FAK-paxillin pathway. This pathway is considered to promote cell migration and adhesion, especially in tendon fibroblasts. The activation of this pathway could imply that BPC-157 plays a role in enhancing the movement and adherence of these cells, which are key processes in tendon healing and regeneration.

BPC-157 Peptide and Gastrointestinal Healing

A study was conducted to scrutinize the action of BPC-157 peptide against similar angiogenic growth factors such as EGF, FGF, and VEGF. The primary assumptions were that BPC-157 is highly stable, biocompatible, and sufficient to exert action when presented by itself. While the study reported improved healing, only BPC-157 appeared to have exhibited consistent results in all wound types (i.e., chronic and acute) on the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and lower GI tract. This study suggested the extent of the angiogenic potential of the peptide is apparently very high as it appeared to extend not only on local wounds and ligaments but also on GI wounds and bone healing.⁽⁷⁾

BPC-157 Peptide and Tissue Damage

A study was conducted to understand the extent of the angiogenic potential of the peptide beyond local wounds, ligaments, and GI tract wounds and to study its action on multiple gastrointestinal lesions on the pancreas, liver injuries, heart damage, endothelium damage, and blood pressure. Following the results, scientists suggested that the BPC-157 peptide may induce a network of activities via peptidergic defense systems. There is also a possibility that BPC-157 may play a role in addressing both acute and chronic inflammation, aiding in wound healing, and assisting in the healing of fractures, including cases of pseudoarthrosis. This broad spectrum of potential suggests that BPC-157 could be part of the organism's unique peptidergic defense system.⁽⁸⁾

There are several neurotransmitters and functions considered by scientists to be important, such as dopamine, nitrous oxide, prostaglandin, and other neuron systems. Any over-activity or inhibition of these systems may lead to lesions in different organs. BPC-157, through its defense system, appears to counteract these systems and possibly reverse their over-activation and inhibition. The researchers commented that these might include important systems, ”namely, dopamine-, NO-, prostaglandin-, somatosensory neuron-system,” and more.⁽⁸⁾

BPC-157 Peptide and Muscle Healing

A study was conducted on murine models with injured gastrocnemius muscle complex. These murine models were then presented with methylprednisolone (corticosteroid). These corticosteroid murine models were then divided into two groups: one was presented with BPC-157, and the other was presented with a placebo. Both compounds were presented once in 24 hours and examined on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14. Upon examination, it was reported that the corticosteroid appeared to significantly worsen the muscle damage in the murine models. However, BPC-157 appeared to exhibit apparent signs of healing and restoration of the damaged gastrocnemius muscle and restoring functioning ability.⁽⁹⁾

Amphetamine-Induced Hypersensitivity

Laboratory experiments have suggested that the BPC-157 peptide may have the ability to heal multiple different lesions – in the GI tract, liver, pancreas, and others. This trend in lab findings indicated that the peptide had some interaction with the dopamine system. To investigate further, this study presented the BPC-157 peptide in amphetamine (dopamine agonist) murine models. It was observed that BPC-157 appeared to be able to reverse the amphetamine-induced excitability in the murine models. Furthermore, murine models were presented with another dopamine agonist, haloperidol, and then presented with amphetamine on days 1, 2, 4, and 10. These murine models were then presented with BPC-157 to illustrate its action. Upon examination, it was suggested by the researchers that the peptide appeared to cause an almost complete reversal of the haloperidol action.⁽¹⁰⁾

BPC-157 Peptide and Central Nervous System

In a particular study using a murine model, researchers explored the potential of BPC-157 in the context of traumatic brain injury (TBI). BPC-157 might have played a role in significantly reducing the damage caused by TBI in experimental models, as indicated by improved early outcomes in the experiments conducted. During the critical 24-hour period following the injury, the observations hinted a minimal mortality rate in the BPC-157 group. Furthermore, the severity of traumatic lesions typically associated with TBI, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space between the brain and the tissues that cover it), intraventricular hemorrhage (bleeding inside the brain's ventricular system), brain laceration, and hemorrhagic laceration, appeared to be less pronounced in the murine models of the BPC-157 group. This suggested a protective potential of the peptide against such injuries.⁽¹¹⁾

Another interesting observation was the considerable improvement in brain edema, swelling in the brain tissue often caused by traumatic injuries. The hypothesis extended to the possibility that if BPC-157 were introduced before the occurrence of TBI, it might show an improved ratio of conscious/unconscious/death states in the test subjects. In other words, the peptide might potentially prevent or reduce the severity of unconsciousness and lower mortality rates associated with TBI in experimental models. Moreover, there was a suggestion that the immediate exposure of BPC-157 immediately before the injury may have mitigated the damage in the murine models subjected to a force impulse, typically used to simulate TBI in research. This hinted at the possibility of the peptide having preventive or protective potential against the immediate consequences of traumatic brain injury in experimental models.⁽¹¹⁾

BPC 157 peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Conditions before ordering.

References:

1. Chang, Chung-Hsun et al. “The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration.” Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) vol. 110,3 (2011): 774-80. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21030672/
2. Ormsbee, H S 3rd, and J D Fondacaro. “Action of serotonin on the gastrointestinal tract.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol. 178,3 (1985): 333-8. doi:10.3181/00379727-178-42016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3919396/
3. Sikiric, Predrag et al. “Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications.” Current neuropharmacology vol. 14,8 (2016): 857-865. doi:10.2174/1570159x13666160502153022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333585/#r1
4. Krivic, A., Majerovic, M., Jelic, I. et al. Modulation of early functional recovery of Achilles tendon to bone unit after transection by BPC 157 and methylprednisolone. Inflamm. res. 57, 205–210 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-007-7056-8
5. S Seiwerth, et al. “BPC 157's effect on healing.” Journal of physiology, Paris vol. 91,3-5 (1997): 173-8. doi:10.1016/s0928-4257(97)89480-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9403790/
6. Huang, T., Zhang, K., Sun, L., Xue, X., Zhang, C., Shu, Z., Mu, N., Gu, J., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2015). Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Drug design, development and therapy, 9, 2485–2499. https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S82030
7. Seiwerth, Sven et al. “BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Gastrointestinal Tract Healing, Lessons from Tendon, Ligament, Muscle and Bone Healing.” Current pharmaceutical design vol. 24,18 (2018): 1972-1989. doi:10.2174/1381612824666180712110447. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29998800/
8. Sikiric P. (1999). The pharmacological properties of the novel peptide BPC 157 (PL-10). Inflammopharmacology, 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-999-0022-z https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17657443/
9. Pevec D, Novinscak T, Brcic L, Sipos K, Jukic I, Staresinic M, Mise S, Brcic I, Kolenc D, Klicek R, Banic T, Sever M, Kocijan A, Berkopic L, Radic B, Buljat G, Anic T, Zoricic I, Bojanic I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. Med Sci Monit. 2010 Mar;16(3):BR81-88. PMID: 20190676. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20190676/
10. Jelovac, N et al. “A novel pentadecapeptide, BPC 157, blocks the stereotypy produced acutely by amphetamine and the development of haloperidol-induced supersensitivity to amphetamine.” Biological psychiatry vol. 43,7 (1998): 511-9. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00277-1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9547930/
11. Tudor, M., Jandric, I., Marovic, A., Gjurasin, M., Perovic, D., Radic, B., Blagaic, A. B., Kolenc, D., Brcic, L., Zarkovic, K., Seiwerth, S., & Sikiric, P. (2010). Traumatic brain injury in mice and pentadecapeptide BPC 157 effect. Regulatory peptides, 160(1-3), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.012
12. Gwyer, D., Wragg, N.M. & Wilson, S.L. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing. Cell Tissue Res 377, 153–159 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8
13. Veljaca, Marija et al, The development of PL 14736 for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Advanced in GI pharmacology, 2002 O-32. https://www.bib.irb.hr/192824
14. Phase I clinical trial in healthy volunteers to study safety and pharmacokinetics of BPC-157, a pentadecapeptide from gastric source. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02637284?

Copper Tripeptide-3 (AHK-Cu) is another copper peptide composed of amino acids alanine, histidine, and lysine, with a copper ion coordinated by various parts of these three amino acids.⁽¹⁾ This peptide appears to be naturally present in the bloodstream and has been suggested as a potential element in regulating the growth, development, and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.

AHK-Cu, also known as copper AHK, has been researched for its potential in hair growth and supporting skin tissue integrity. This peptide has been suggested to exhibit its potential primarily on fibroblasts, responsible for maintaining and growing the extracellular matrix (ECM) components surrounding the cells. Fibroblasts also appear to secrete various biological substances, including the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which is suggested to promote the formation of new blood vessels.

The copper ion in AHK-Cu is suggested to be involved in enzyme activity related to collagen and elastin synthesis. These two proteins are critical components of the extracellular matrix and play a role in maintaining the skin tissues' structural integrity. Copper ions are also suggested to exhibit antioxidant properties.

Chemical Info⁽²⁾

CAS#: 89030-95-5

Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₅CuN₆O₄
Molecular Weight: 416.9 g/mol
Synonyms: ALA-HIS-LYS-CU, L-Alanyl-κN-L-histidyl-κN,κN3-L-lysinato(2-)]copper Monohydrochloride

Research and Clinical Studies

AHK-Cu Peptide and Antioxidative Potential

AHK-Cu is posited to have potent antioxidant qualities, primarily due to its distinct amino acid structure. Based on the antioxidative properties of this peptide, studies have suggested its potential in amplifying hair follicle size, which may increase growth. This peptide has been the focus of numerous in-vitro investigations, particularly concerning its role in hair growth. These studies uniformly suggest AHK-Cu's potential to foster hair follicle development. In addition to hair growth, AHK-Cu's scope of application may extend to cell aging, wound healing, and other areas, according to researchers. They posit its potential role in boosting dermal cell multiplication and survival, both of which are essential in collagen production. Collagen is a vital element for maintaining skin cell turnover and function, and the increased cell activity provided by AHK-Cu may facilitate this process.⁽³⁾

AHK-Cu Peptide and Hair Follicle Development

Researchers posit that the tripeptide AHK-Cu may potentially stimulate the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, a type of cell that produces substances like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are considered to be crucial for the growth of blood vessels. AHK-Cu may also reduce the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta1 by dermal fibroblasts.

In a recent study,⁽⁴⁾ the potential of AHK-Cu on hair growth was investigated. It was suggested that the peptide may promote the elongation of hair follicles and the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs), which are specialized fibroblasts with a potential to increase the growth and development of hair follicles. Moreover, the authors suggested that the presence of AHK-Cu may have reduced the number of apoptotic dermal papilla cells. Further analysis suggested that the peptide may have increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and potentially decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels, two markers of cell death. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio is suggested to play a potential role in the regulation of apoptosis. Bcl-2 is posited as an anti-apoptotic protein that apparently inhibits cell death, while Bax is suggested to be a pro-apoptotic protein that promotes cell death. Thus, a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio is posted as a predominance of Bcl-2, which may inhibit apoptosis and apparently promotes cell survival. Ultimately, the researchers suggested that AHK-Cu “stimulated the elongation of […] hair follicles […] and the proliferation of DPCs in vitro.” Based on these observations, the researchers commented, “The present study proposed that AHK-Cu promotes the growth of [...] hair follicles, and this stimulatory effect may occur due to stimulation of the proliferation and the preclusion of the apoptosis of DPCs.”^(4). Other researchers delving into this trial also noticed that the peptide may have interacted with VEGF and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1). TGF-β1 is researched for its role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is posited to be involved in several cellular processes, including the regulation of immune responses and wound healing. By potentially downregulating TGF-β1, AHK-Cu may alter these cellular processes, possibly affecting cell growth and the immune response at a cellular level. On the other hand VEGF is researched for its role in angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. The upregulation of VEGF by AHK-Cu might imply an enhanced potential for angiogenesis, which could influence nutrient and oxygen supply at the cellular level.⁽⁵⁾VEGF specifically is posited to foster the development of blood vessels surrounding hair follicles. This action potentially aids in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicles, thereby supporting hair growth.

AHK-Cu Peptide and Alopecia Research

The study examined the potential of two formulations containing growth factors and peptides such as vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, keratinocyte growth factor, and copper tripeptide 1 and related peptides such as AHK-Cu, suspended in a sterile vehicle. The experiment investigated the potential cytotoxicity of these factors using in vitro keratinocyte and fibroblast cell assays. The formulations were also investigated for their potential for hair growth and hair follicle viability in cases of secondary alopecia.⁽¹⁾

The authors suggested that both formulations appeared to produce a positive response regarding hair growth in the animals. The formulations also were posited to be impactful when tested alongside agents that may be associated with alopecia. Researchers Rinky Kapoor et al. state, “Results seem encouraging enough to warrant a trial in [...] secondary alopecia.” ⁽¹⁾

AHK-Cu Peptide and Skin Tissue Integrity

Preliminary lab studies have suggested that the core molecule of the peptide, AHK, may stimulate the growth of fibroblast cells and the production of collagen. Notably, AHK appears to improve the survival and multiplication of dermal fibroblasts, which are researched for their potential for generating vital skin proteins like collagen. In experiments with normal dermal fibroblasts, AHK was observed to apparently boost both cell growth and viability, alongside enhancing collagen type I production. This conclusion was drawn by measuring collagen type I levels produced by fibroblasts in a cell culture following exposure to varying concentrations of AHK. The studies indicated that AHK's presence may have raised collagen type I production, with a threefold increase compared to the control group. These results imply that AHK could potentially rejuvenate the extracellular matrix and contribute to skin function.⁽⁶⁾

AHK-Cu peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Condictions before ordering.

References

1. Kapoor R, Shome D, Vadera S, Kumar V, Ram MS. QR678 & QR678 Neo Hair Growth Formulations: A Cellular Toxicity & Animal Efficacy Study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020 Aug 25;8(8):e2843. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002843. PMID: 32983753; PMCID: PMC7489598. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7489598/
2. AHK-Cu, ChemBK. https://www.chembk.com/en/chem/AHK-Cu
3. Kecel-Gunduza, S., Kocb, E., Bicaka, B., Kokcub, Y., Ozela, A. E., & Akyuzc, S. (2020). IN SILICO ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZING THE STRUCTURE AND BINDING PROPERTIES OF ALA-HIS-LYS (AHK) TRIPEPTIDE. The Online Journal of Science and Technology-July, 10(3).
4. Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH. The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Jul;30(7):834-9. doi: 10.1007/BF02978833. PMID: 17703734. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17703734/
5. Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Topical and nutricosmetic products for healthy hair and dermal anti-aging using "dual-acting" (2 for 1) plant-based peptides, hormones, and cannabinoids. FASEB Bioadv. 2021 Jun 6;3(8):601-610. doi: 10.1096/fba.2021-00022. PMID: 34377956; PMCID: PMC8332470. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8332470/
6. Patt, L. M., & Procyte, A. (2009). Neova® DNA Repair Factor Nourishing Lotion Stimulates Collagen and Speeds Natural Repair Process. skin, 1, 2.

OxyGen^® Oxytocin Body Spray – For Mood, Stress Relief & Social Bonding

Product Overview:

OxyGen^® is a premium Oxytocin body spray for mood and relaxation, designed to help you feel more connected, calm, and socially confident. This oxytocin body spray for social bonding enhances emotional connection and trust in personal and social settings — ideal for those seeking more meaningful interactions. Unscented and made with ultra-pure oxytocin, it won’t interfere with your favorite fragrance.

Key Features:

●     Oxytocin spray for stress relief – Helps lower anxiety, calm nerves, and reduce cortisol naturally.

●     Supports social bonding & intimacy – Enhances trust, empathy, and emotional closeness.

●     Instant calming effect – Promotes a relaxed, friendly atmosphere in minutes.

●     Unscented & non-sticky – No interference with other body sprays or scents.

●     Guaranteed purity – Pharmaceutical-grade oxytocin, rigorously tested.

●     Discreet shipping – Your privacy is our priority.

What Is Oxytocin?

Oxytocin is a naturally occurring neuropeptide produced in the brain. Often called the “love hormone,” it plays a key role in:

●      Emotional bonding and attachment

●      Mood regulation and relaxation

●      Sexual response and trust formation

●      Stress and pain modulation

How It Works:

OxyGen^® works by delivering oxytocin through a fast-absorbing body spray. Oxytocin binds to specific receptors (OXTRs) in the brain and body, triggering pathways that:

●      Reduce anxiety and improve mood

●      Enhance sociability and emotional awareness

●      Promote feelings of connection and emotional safety

●      Help the body manage stress more effectively

Science-Backed Benefits:

OxyGen^® Oxytocin wellness benefits have been observed in scientific studies on:

●      Social anxiety and PTSD

●      Emotional detachment or communication challenges

●      Mood disorders and emotional dysregulation

●      Chronic pain and stress-related tension

Therapeutic Uses:

●      Daily support for social interaction

●      Emotional relaxation in stressful environments

●      Complement to therapy for social anxiety or trauma

●      Boosts sense of calm and contentment

Where to Buy OxyGen^® Oxytocin Spray

Looking for where to buy OxyGen^® Oxytocin spray? You can purchase directly from QUALITIDE, your trusted source for clean, effective wellness supplements. We ensure:

●      Fast, secure shipping

●      Discreet packaging

●      Lab-verified quality assurance

Specifications:

●     Form: Topical Spray

●     Volume: [Insert mL here, if available]

●     Oxytocin Concentration: [Insert dose here, e.g. 20 IU/spray]

●     CAS Number: 50-56-6

●     Molecular Formula: C₄₃H₆₆N₁₂O₁₂S₂

●     Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place away from sunlight

Safety & Side Effects

OxyGen^® is generally well-tolerated. Possible mild side effects may include:

●      Headache

●      Mild dizziness

●      Nausea or stomach discomfort

Always use as directed. Consult your healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant, nursing, or have a medical condition.

Make Every Social Moment Feel Natural

OxyGen^® – The science of connection, trust, and emotional wellness in every spray. Feel confident, calm, and connected wherever you go.

Glutathione Nasal Spray

Key Benefits of Glutathione Nasal Spray

• Glutathione Nasal Spray for Detox: Supports natural detoxification by neutralizing harmful free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.
• Cognitive Clarity: Helps reduce brain fog, sharpen mental focus, and improve cognitive function.
• Neuroprotective Effects: Protects brain cells from oxidative damage, potentially lowering the risk of dementia and neurodegenerative disorders.
• Clinically Effective Formula: Delivers 100mg/mL of USP-grade Glutathione (GSH) per mL—10mg per spray.
• Convenient Intranasal Delivery: Fast-acting delivery system allows for maximal absorption into brain and superior glutathione antioxidant nasal therapy compared to oral or topical forms.

Why Choose Nasal Glutathione Over Oral?

• Nasal Glutathione vs Oral Benefits: Nasal absorption bypasses the digestive tract, offering direct delivery to the brain and bloodstream for faster and more effective results.
• Oral glutathione has low bioavailability due to degradation in the gut, while nasal spray offers superior systemic and neurological uptake.

Glutathione Spray Longevity Support

• Anti-Aging Support: GSH activates detoxification enzymes and downregulates genes associated with aging.
• Longevity & Cellular Health: Regular use may support long-term cellular repair and improved metabolic function.

Where to Buy Glutathione Nasal Spray?

• Our glutathione spray is compounded fresh to order in a certified U.S. compounding pharmacy.
• USP-grade purity—lab-tested for safety, potency, and free from impurities found in many OTC brands.

Product Overview

• Concentration: 100mg/mL Glutathione (GSH)
• Dose: 10mg per spray, recommended 2–4x daily
• Form: Easy-to-use nasal spray bottle
• Type: Glutathione antioxidant nasal therapy, no prescription required

Background & Science

• Glutathione (GSH) is the body’s “master antioxidant”, naturally present in all cells.
• GSH levels decline with age and environmental stress, increasing oxidative damage risk.
• Restoring levels helps regulate inflammation, boost immunity, and maintain healthy detoxification pathways.

Dipeptide-15 is a synthetic dipeptide, meaning it's made up of two amino acids linked together by a peptide bond. Specifically, it is a dipeptide of glycine, also known as glycylglycine. In the context of skincare, it's known for its anti-aging and skin-rejuvenating properties, helping to improve skin elasticity, firmness, and overall radiance.

Chemical Info:

CAS#:  556-50-3

INCI Name: Dipeptide-15

Sequence: Gly-Gly

Formula: C₄H₈N₂O₃

Mol. Weight: 132.12 g/mol

Synonyms: Glycine Dipeptide

Skincare Benefits:

• Anti-aging:

Dipeptide-15 is believed to stimulate collagen production, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and improve skin elasticity, contributing to a more youthful appearance. 

• Skin rejuvenation:

It may enhance skin renewal processes, helping to revitalize and refresh the skin. 

• Improved skin texture:

By promoting collagen production and improving elasticity, it can lead to smoother, firmer skin. 

• Hydration and plumping:

Dipeptide-15 can also contribute to better skin hydration and a plumper, more supple feel. 

How it works: 

• Stimulates collagen:

Peptides like dipeptide-15 can signal the skin to produce more collagen, a protein crucial for skin structure and firmness. 

• Improves skin elasticity:

By supporting collagen and elastin production, it helps the skin bounce back and resist sagging. 

• May boost skin's natural repair:

Dipeptide-15 can potentially enhance the skin's natural repair mechanisms, contributing to overall skin health. 

In skincare formulations:

Often paired with other beneficial ingredients like hyaluronic acid (for hydration) and vitamin C (for antioxidant protection). 

Can be found in various products like serums, creams, and lotions. 

Generally considered safe for most skin types, but it's always a good idea to patch-test any new skincare product.

N-Acetyl Selank Peptide

N-Acetyl Selank is a short, synthetic heptapeptide analogous to the naturally occurring peptide called Tuftsin.⁽¹⁾ Tuftsin is an endogenous tetrapeptide that appears to regulate the immune system. Selank peptide may exhibit immunomodulatory potential; however, it has also been studied in models of anxiety and cognitive decline for its nootropic potential. Apart from the homology with tuftsin, the peptide appears to have a Pro-Gly-Pro fragment at its C-terminus, which may provide an enhancement of Selank's potential to traverse through different tissues and models including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a highly selective, semi-permeable border that separates the circulating blood from the tissues and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system, and is considered to play a crucial role in regulating the passage of substances. Pro-Gly-Pro addition might enhance BBB permeability by potentially impacting the peptide's overall hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, thereby increasing its affinity for the lipid-rich environment of the BBB. Additionally, the Pro-Gly-Pro sequence may interact with specific transport mechanisms or receptors at the BBB, potentially triggering a facilitated transport or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Such processes might allow Selank to bypass the tight junctions that normally restrict the passage of large molecules. Pro-Gly-Pro fragment may also influence the peptide's tertiary structure in a way that makes it more conducive to crossing the BBB.

Further, N-Acetyl Selank Amidate has an additional acetyl group attached to the N-terminus. Adding an acetyl group to the N-terminus in N-Acetyl Selank Amidate may improve the peptide's stability through several speculative mechanisms. Acetylation might potentially shield the peptide from rapid enzymatic degradation by exopeptidases, as it might make the N-terminus less accessible or recognizable to these enzymes. Additionally, acetylation may induce changes in the peptide's structure, possibly leading to a more stable conformation that resists denaturation.

Overview

Studies suggest that the Selank peptide produces possible action in several ways:

• Firstly, by potentially stimulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors system.⁽²⁾ GABA is considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, reducing neuronal excitability, promoting relaxation, and alleviating anxiety. Researchers have posited Selank to potentiate the capacity to induce changes in the expression of genes associated with GABA receptors, transporters, and ion channels. This implies that Selank might potentially influence GABAergic neurotransmission by modulating the availability or functionality of these key components. Furthermore, studies posit that Selank's actions may potentially extend beyond direct actions on GABA receptor gene expression to allosteric modulation of the GABAergic system. This is hinted at by the differential gene expression patterns observed following Selank and GABA exposure, wherein Selank appeared to have uniquely influenced the expression of certain genes. This nuanced action suggests that Selank may modulate the GABAergic system's function in a manner distinct from the straightforward receptor activation induced by GABA. Selank might also initiate longer-lasting alterations in neurotransmitter systems, potentially explaining its prolonged anxiolytic actions in experimental models.
• Secondly, the peptide may potentially interact with serotonin signaling.⁽³⁾ Serotonin signaling in the brain is posited to regulate mood and anxiety. Experiments in murine models with blocked serotonin synthesis suggest that Selank may exert the potential to modulate serotonin levels under compromised serotonergic function. Selank was posited to enhance serotonin metabolism in the brainstem via a rapid onset of action on the serotonin system. Specifically, the peptide was suggested to promote increased metabolic activity of serotonin in parts of the brain linked to regulating mood and anxiety. Further, the study posits that Selank's potential to elevate serotonin metabolism indicates a possible mechanism through which Selank might correct disturbances associated with reduced serotonin function.
• Thirdly, the peptide may act by potentially modulating enkephalin signaling.⁽⁴⁾⁽⁵⁾ Studies have posited that Selank may have an inhibitory action on enkephalin-degrading enzymes. This indicates that Selank might slow down the degradation of enkephalins. Enkephalins, as natural ligands of opioid receptors, are considered to play a role in pain perception and modulating mood and stress, implying that Selank’s action on these enzymes might enhance the availability of enkephalins, thereby potentially amplifying their actions. Studies also posit that there may be a tau(1/2) leu-enkephalin increase during Selank exposure in anxiety models.
• Finally, the peptide may potentially affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression.⁽⁸⁾ Selank has been suggested to significantly elevate BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus, a part of the central nervous system. Selank's potential to enhance BDNF expression, especially in the context of stress and glucocorticoid-induced suppression of BDNF, points towards its potential research implications for ameliorating reduced neuroplasticity.
• Furthermore, researchers are currently investigating the potential actions of the peptide via genome expression and involvement in the inflammatory process.⁽⁷⁾

Chemical Makeup⁽⁸⁾

CAS#: 129954-34-3

Sequence: Ac-TPRKEPV-NH₂

Molecular Formula: C₃₃H₅₇N₁₁O₉
Molecular Weight: 751.9 g/mol
Other known name: TP-7, Selanc

Research and Clinical Studies

Unfortunately, research on N-Acetyl Selank in its acetylated form is still sparse. However, the peptide is expected to have similar impacts as its unacetylated counterpart, Selank, with the addition possibly only affecting the peptide by providing higher stability. Because of this lack of research data, we cite only Selank studies below.

N-Acetyl Selank and Anxiolytic Action

In 2008, a clinical study⁽⁵⁾ was conducted on research models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The research models were divided into two groups – half were presented with allopathic anxiety compounds, and the other half were presented with Selank peptide. After completing this study, the psychometric levels of all models were examined.

Based on the results, it was suggested that the Selank peptide appeared to be potentially as impactful as the control compound in reducing the models’ anxiety levels. The peptide-exposed group also exhibited reportedly positive psychostimulant reactions. As per A A Zozulia et al., “The clinical-biological study revealed that [models] with GAD and neurasthenia had the decreased level of tau(1/2) leu-enkephalin [...]. The increase of this parameter and stronger positive correlations with anxiety level were observed during the [exposure to] Selank.”

N-Acetyl Selank and Anxiety

In this clinical study,⁽⁹⁾ research models of standard anxiety and phobia thresholds were examined. The research models were separated into an experimental and control group; the controls were exposed to an allopathic compound, and the experimental group was exposed to Selank peptide. After this study's completion, the results appeared to indicate the peptide's anxiolytic and nootropic potential.

N-Acetyl Selank and Mental Cognition

Research studies⁽¹⁰⁾ evaluated experimental murine models following exposure to Selank peptide, after which the mice underwent ‘training’ exercises for four days to learn conditioned avoidance response (CAR). Observing the behavior of the models throughout the training period, researchers observed that the learning abilities of murine models appeared to improve as the number of errors reduced over time, compared to control models under the same conditions. These researchers suggested that the peptide may have exhibited nootropic potential. It is posited that such actions on learning and memory might involve several interconnected mechanisms, such as the modulation of neuropeptide systems in the brain, leveraging the potential role these peptides may play in cognitive functions to enhance learning and memory processes. Further, Selank may influence the neural pathways associated with memory consolidation, possibly improving synaptic stability and efficiency, deemed essential for learning. Selank might also facilitate cognitive performance indirectly by reducing anxiety-related parameters, which may often hinder learning efficiency, suggesting a role in the affective components of cognition. The peptide may also have the unique potential to enhance neural plasticity or resilience in underperforming cognitive circuits, thereby improving their functionality.

N-Acetyl Selank and Immunomodulation

Research models of anxiety and neurasthenia were evaluated in this study⁽¹¹⁾ following routine exposure to Selank for two weeks. After two weeks, blood samples were collected and analyzed. It was reported that there was a significant rise in the levels of interleukin-6 cytokines and alteration in the Th1 to Th2 cytokine ratio. As per O.N. Uchakina et al., "The cytokine regulating effects revealed in the study suggest that Selank [might act as] a novel immunomodulator in … anxiety-asthenic disorders. Additionally, the adaptogenic properties of Selank may benefit … environmental stressors to prevent infectious diseases.”

N-Acetyl Selank and Substance Withdrawal

A study⁽¹²⁾ in experimental murine models infused the animals with 10% ethanol for 24 weeks. Upon discontinuing alcohol infusion, these murine models exhibited significant alcohol withdrawal symptoms. At this time, the peptide was then given to all affected murine models. 48 hours after the peptide, it was suggested by the researchers that the alcohol withdrawal symptoms were reportedly reduced in all murine models.

N-Acetyl Selank and Cholesterol Control

In one study,⁽¹³⁾ murine models were subjected to a high-fat diet for six consecutive weeks until they gained a standard set weight. At that time, the models were divided into two groups – one exposed to a sodium chloride solution and the rest to the Selank peptide. Upon analysis, it was observed that the peptide group exhibited apparently improved fat metabolism, with a reported reduction of cholesterol levels up to 58%. Most notably, the researchers suggested that Selank may potentially decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. This suggests Selank may have either a direct or indirect role in modulating lipid metabolism and may possibly exhibit hypocholesterolemic and/or hypolipidemic action. Furthermore, the study observed apparent improvements in hemostasis parameters, such as increased total fibrinolytic activity and a reduction in platelet aggregation, which might imply amelioration of prothrombotic states. The research also hints at a potential regulatory action of Selank on glucose homeostasis.

N-Acetyl Selank peptide is available for research and laboratory purposes only. Please review and adhere to our Terms and Conditions before ordering.

References

1. Kozlovskaya MM, Kozlovskii II, Val'dman EA, Seredenin SB. Selank and short peptides of the tuftsin family in the regulation of adaptive behavior in stress. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Nov;33(9):853-60. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14969422/
2. Volkova, A., Shadrina, M., Kolomin, T., Andreeva, L., Limborska, S., Myasoedov, N., & Slominsky, P. (2016). Selank Administration Affects the Expression of Some Genes Involved in GABAergic Neurotransmission. Frontiers in pharmacology, 7, 31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4757669/
3. Semenova, T. P., kozlovskiĭ, I. I., Zakharova, N. M., & Kozlovskaia, M. M. (2009). Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia farmakologiia, 72(4), 6–8.
4. Kost, N. V., Sokolov, O. I.u, Gabaeva, M. V., Grivennikov, I. A., Andreeva, L. A., Miasoedov, N. F., & Zozulia, A. A. (2001). Ingibiruiushchee deĭstvie semaksa i selanka na énkefalindegradiruiushchie fermenty syvorotki krovi cheloveka [Semax and selank inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes from human serum]]. Bioorganicheskaia khimiia, 27(3), 180–183. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011373002885
5. Zozulia, A. A., Neznamov, G. G., Siuniakov, T. S., Kost, N. V., Gabaeva, M. V., Sokolov, O. I.u, Serebriakova, E. V., Siranchieva, O. A., Andriushenko, A. V., Telesheva, E. S., Siuniakov, S. A., Smulevich, A. B., Miasoedov, N. F., & Seredenin, S. B. (2008). Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova, 108(4), 38–48.
6. Inozemtseva, L. S., Karpenko, E. A., Dolotov, O. V., Levitskaya, N. G., Kamensky, A. A., Andreeva, L. A., & Grivennikov, I. A. (2008). Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo. Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections, 421, 241–243. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0012496608040066
7. T.A Kolomin et al., Transcriptomic Response of Rat Hippocampus and Spleen Cells to Single and Chronic Administration of the Peptide Selank. June 2, 2009.
8. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2023). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 11765600, Selank. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Selank
9. Medvedev VE, Tereshchenko ON, Israelian AIu, Chobanu IK, Kost NV, Sokolov OIu, Miasoedov NF. A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2014;114(7):17-22. Russian. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25176261/
10. Kozlovskii II, Danchev ND. The optimizing action of the synthetic peptide Selank on a conditioned active avoidance reflex in rats. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2003 Sep;33(7):639-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14552529/
11. Uchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, Andreeva LA, Shcherbenko VE, Mezentseva MV, Gabaeva MV, Sokolov OIu, Zozulia AA, Ershov FI. Immunomodulatory effects of selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(5):71-5. Russian. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18577961/
12. Kolik LG, Nadorova AV, Kozlovskaya MM. Efficacy of peptide anxiolytic selank during modeling of withdrawal syndrome in rats with stable alcoholic motivation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014 May;157(1):52-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24913576/
13. N.F. Mjasoedov et al, The Influence of Selank on the Parameters of the Hemostasis System, Lipid Profile, and Blood Sugar Level in the Course of Experimental Metabolic Syndrome. April 14, 2014.

Introduction

Eyelitide^® Complex Solution is a high-end cosmetic peptide composite for the eye area containing 7 highly active essential peptides, which can comprehensively solve eye problems (eye wrinkles, eye bags and dark circles). 

• Dipeptide Valyl-Tryptophane (aka Syn-Ake^®) is a peptide that promotes the drainage of fluid that collects under the eye creating bags and puffiness.
• Lipopeptide Pal-GQPR (Matrixyl™) is another peptide that decreases inflammation, improves skin elasticity and firmness, and reduces fine lines and wrinkles.
• Tripeptide-5 (aka Syn-Coll^®) is highly bioactive, deeply skin penetrating peptide (palmitoyl tripeptide-5) able to activate tissue growth factor (TGF-beta) that stimulates collagen synthesis in the skin.
• Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone (bioflavonoid) is a natural ingredient derived from flavonoid hesperidin found in citrus fruits like grapefruit and oranges. This rather newly discovered ingredient helps to strengthen capillaries and veins as well to improve lymphatic drainage and circulations which tones the delicate under eye area.

These highly active biologics work synergistically and therefore significantly improve skin texture and increase skin elasticity within 1 to 3 skin growth cycles; two ACE enzyme inhibitor peptides fight eye face edema and solve eye bags and dark circles in 15 days.

Mechanism of Action

.     Anti-aging and anti-wrinkle

High content of instant anti-wrinkle active peptide ingredients: 1) Tripeptide reduces wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contraction. Blocking the binding of acetylcholine to receptors eventually leads to receptor closure. In the closed state, sodium ions cannot be released, so the muscles relax; 2) Hexapeptide participates in the competition for SNAP-25 at the site of the melt-vesicle complex, thereby affecting the formation of the complex. The melt-vesicle complex is slightly unstable, and the vesicle cannot effectively release neurotransmitters, which leads to weakened muscle contraction and prevents the formation of wrinkles. Hexapeptide-3 can reduce the depth of wrinkles caused by facial expression muscle contraction, especially in the forehead and around the eyes.

Active peptide ingredients to improve skin quality: 1) Palmitoyl-pentapeptide micro-collagen chemically synthesized natural collagen micro-fragments, specifically acting on dermal cells, stimulating collagen synthesis, and maintaining the elastic surface of the skin; 2) Palmitoyl-tripeptide promotes collagen and polysaccharide synthesis; 3) Pal-tetrapeptide reduces the level of IL6 in aging, thereby achieving the goal of re-maintaining the balance of cytokines in the skin to achieve skin care.

• Eye Bag Removal

1) Acetyl tetrapeptide inhibits ACE activity and improves blood circulation through antihypertensive effects; inhibits glycosylation; inhibits vascular permeability and prevents water from leaking from blood vessels; fights edema and relieves eye bags;

2) Dipeptide inhibits ACE enzyme, enhances lymphatic circulation and fights edema. 

Efficacy and application:

Eye care products for removing eye bags and eye wrinkles, repairing eye contour, etc.

Product Specifications

As a professional beauty peptide supplier, after years of research and summary, Qualitide has a complete set of beauty peptide production processes and management systems. We produce peptides strictly in accordance with standards, and each batch of products undergoes strict quality inspections to ensure the high quality, high stability and high activity of the products. The raw material Qualitide provides to customers is compound eye peptide solution. The packaging specifications is 1 fl oz/bottle.

INCI Ingredients: Glycerin, Butylene, Glycol, Water, Carbomer, Tween-20, Palmitoyl Tripeptide, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-7, Tripeptide, Hexapeptide, Dipeptide, Acetyl Tetrapeptide

Appearance: Opalescent gel

Color: Off-white

Water content: 20~30%

pH: 4.0~6.0  

Safety Tests

In vitro and in vivo tests show that the Eyelitide-Plex^TM  did not show any cytotoxicity, skin irritation, allergy and eye irritation.

Usage and Dosage

Eyelitide-Plex^TM can be added in the final stage of cosmetic production, and the preparation temperature should be below 40°C. Based on the concentration of the Eyelid complex solution, 2~5% is recommended as the final product content to achieve significant anti-wrinkle and anti-eye bag activity. In order to avoid secondary microbial contamination, it should be used immediately after opening the cap.

 Storage and Shelf Life

The compound eye peptide solution must be stored in a cool, dark and clean place to ensure a shelf life of at least 12 months. For long-term storage, it is recommended to store at 4°C, and the shelf life can be extended to at least 18 months.

What is Ectoin?

Ectoin (CAS#: 96702-03-3) is a natural cyclic amino acid derivative derived from extremophilic microorganisms that thrive in high salt, high UV, and high-temperature environments. As one of the most effective stress-protection molecules, Ectoin moisturizer and skin protection benefits are backed by extensive in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

Ectoin Moisturizer and Skin Protection Benefits

• Deep Hydration: Binds water molecules efficiently, preventing cell dehydration and improving long-lasting skin hydration.
• Anti-Aging Properties: Helps delay skin aging by protecting cells from oxidative stress and environmental aggressors.
• UV Protection: Provides strong Ectoin UV protection in skincare, guarding skin cells from UVA/UVB damage.
• Soothes and Protects: Calms inflammation while strengthening the skin barrier and immune response.
• Cell Repair and Stability: Supports cell membrane integrity and stabilizes protein structures under environmental stress.

How Ectoin Works

1. Osmotic Balance Regulation: Ectoin helps maintain the osmotic balance inside and outside skin cells, protecting them from dehydration.
2. Water Binding Capacity: Thanks to its dense surface charge, Ectoin attracts and binds water molecules, boosting skin hydration.
3. Environmental Protection: Shields skin against UV rays, high/low temperatures, pollution, and oxidative stress — making it a key ingredient in protective skincare.
4. Biocompatibility: As a naturally occurring compatible solute, it supports cellular functions without disrupting metabolism or macromolecular activity.

Ectoin vs Hyaluronic Acid for Hydration

While hyaluronic acid primarily holds moisture on the skin’s surface, Ectoin penetrates deeply to stabilize cells and provide long-term hydration and protection — making it an advanced and multifunctional hydration ingredient in modern skincare.

Applications

• Ectoin anti-aging cream benefits: Reduces wrinkles, fine lines, and skin roughness.
• Moisturizers & serums: Enhances hydration and barrier function.
• Sun protection products: Acts as a UVA/UVB shield by strengthening skin's natural defenses.
• Post-sun care & repair creams: Soothes inflamed or UV-exposed skin.
• Sensitive skin formulas: Reduces irritation and improves skin tolerance.

Where to Buy Ectoin Skincare Ingredient?

Looking for where to buy Ectoin skincare ingredient? We provide high-purity cosmetic-grade Ectoin, ideal for formulation in moisturizing, anti-aging, and photoprotective skincare products.

Technical Details

• INCI Name: Ectoin
• Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₀N₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 142.16 g/mol
• Synonyms: L-Ectoin, (S)-2-Methyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid
• FDA UNII: 7GXZ3858RY
• Functions:
• Protective
• Photoprotective
• Thermal protection
• Hydrating
• Skin conditioning

Why Choose Ectoin?

Ectoin is a scientifically validated, multi-functional skincare active that provides powerful moisturizing, UV protection, and anti-aging benefits. As a natural stress-protection molecule, it supports skin health under extreme environmental conditions — making it an ideal choice for innovative, high-performance skincare products.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-1, also known as Melitane, is a biomimetic peptide antagonist of the α-MSH (α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone). The α-MSH regulates melanin synthesis via the activation of its receptor MC1-R. Because of its affinity with the receptor MC1-R, Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 can be used as a natural photo-protector and as an inflammation modulator.

• Natural Photo-protection Factor: Melitane® mimics the activity of the α-MSH and stimulates melanocyte activity as well as melanin pigment production.
• Inflammation Modulation Factor: Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 limits the expression of biochemical inflammation mediators such as IL-1, IL-8, PGE2and Rantes via the activation of MC1-R receptor and provides significant protection against UV-induced erythema.

By stimulating the melanin synthesis through a natural pathway and by preventing the excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Melitane® represents an ideal complement to the skin’s own levels of natural melanin and strengthens the skin’s defenses against the harmful effects of sunshine and reduces the potential pro-inflammatory consequences.

Chemical Properties:

INCI name: Acetyl Hexapeptide-1

CAS#: 448944-47-6

Formula:  C₄₃H₅₉N₁₃O₇

Sequence: Ac-Nle-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH₂; XAHFRW

M.W.: 870.01 g/mol

Synonyms: Melitane®

Storage: keep away from moisture, -20C for 3 years

How It Works

Even if gray hair can be a fashion statement, many people desire lustrous colorful hair. As we age, the hair follicles produce less melanin, the pigment responsible for hair color, so progressively hair become gray.

Hair follicles produce the hair fiber that becomes pigmented as a result of melanin synthesis and its transfer from melanocytes into keratinocytes. To fight back hair graying, Unipex has developed Acetyl Hexapeptide-1, a biomimetic peptide derived from alpha-MSH.

Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 (sequence: Ac-Nle-Ala-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH₂; XAHFRW) stimulates melanin synthesis by melanocytes and also favors melanin transfer from melanocytes into keratinocytes. Moreover, Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 obtains outstanding results in ex vivo experiments on hair.

It decreases the number of white and low-pigmented cells and increases the number of moderate and highly-pigmented cells in hair bulbs. Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 is also used in a peptide-based MelinOIL™ for preparing skin for sun exposure and protection from UV-induced photoaging.